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Citations and Avoiding Plagiarism: Chicago

A Note about Chicago Style

The Chicago Manual of Style 17th Edition uses two systems of citation: Notes & Bibliography and Author-Date. Before citing your paper, make sure you're using the system your professor has required.

Citing Sources: Notes & Bibliography

Citing Sources: Bibliography

Below are ways to cite sources using the

Notes & Bibliography system.

In-Text Citation - Notes & Bibliography

In-Text Citation: Notes

In-text citations in Notes & Bibliography have two basic parts:

  1. A superscript number at the end of the sentence (listed consecutively, i.e, 1, 2, 3)
  2. Information about the source in either the footnotes of the page or the endnotes of the paper.

• The superscript number at the end of the sentence should be the same number used when referencing it in your footnotes and your endnotes.

• If you're continuously referencing a source without mentioning other sources between it, you can use a simplified version of citation in your footnotes as seen in the examples below:

Citing Sources: Author-Date

Citing Sources: Reference List

Below are ways to cite sources using the

Author-Date system.

In-Text Citation: Author-Date

In-Text Citation: Author Date

In-text citations in Author-Date are similar to APA although slightly different:

(Last Name(s) Year, Page Number)

Ex. (Smith 2020, 76)

• Goes at the end of your sentence

• If you use any of these in your sentence, you don’t have to put it at the end.

• Two authors? Use "and" to join them. Ex. (Smith and Comanda 2020, 76)

• More than two authors? Use et al. in your in-text citation. Ex. Smith, Salas, and Comanda would be (Smith et al., 2020, 78)